Irony
Irony involves a contradiction, or opposition, between appearance and reality. Some definitions state that irony involves the element of surprise. Writers often use irony in stories to add an element of humor, fear, or suspense, or to point out the hypocrisy of an event or character's actions. There are three main types of irony: verbal, situational, and dramatic. In this interactivity, click on each of the types of irony to learn more about them and to view an example.
Download a printable version of the interactivity.
You may have heard the term irony used in songs and movies to describe situations which you now know are not ironic. To learn more about the origin and use of this term, view the segment What is Irony? from eMediaVA℠. As you view the video, try to decide why so many people misuse this term.
Often, a writer uses irony to add an element of humor, fear, or suspense to a story. Humor is created when the audience or reader is "in on a joke" played on a character, or with the use of sarcasm. Situational and dramatic irony can help to add a layer of fear or suspense to a story. When the opposite of what is expected happens in a story, characters and readers are left to speculate. What is going to happen now? How will the character get out of this situation? Think about a scary movie you have seen. You know that the "bad guy" is hiding in the closet, but the main character does not. Have you ever yelled at the character in the movie to "do not open that door!"? In this instance, knowing what is going to happen helps create fear and suspense.
"The Interlopers" by Saki
Though his real name was H.H. Munro, Saki used a pseudonym, or a pen name adopted by the author of a literary work. You may notice that Saki uses a very simple style of writing, while satirizing social relationships. In "The Interlopers," he writes about two Russian aristocrats involved in a pointless feud. There are several moments throughout the story where he utilizes situational irony. Written during the British Edwardian Period in the early 1900's, Saki's work often compared the lavish lifestyle of the time with the strength and resolve of nature.
Now, read "The Interlopers" by Saki. Make sure to use your active reading strategies. While you read, take specific notes about the plot of the story, paying close attention to how the author uses irony. What sort of irony is demonstrated in the final moments of the story?
Irony Review
Now that you have examined the different types of irony, review what you have learned in this non-graded activity. Read each scenario and decide whether it is describing irony or not. Then, click SUBMIT to check your response. Click the player button to get started.